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Royal Hungarian Honvéd
The Royal Hungarian Honvéd ((ハンガリー語:Magyar Királyi Honvédség)) or Royal Hungarian Landwehr ((ドイツ語:königlich ungarische Landwehr)),〔(''Austro-Hungarian Infantry'' ), ''Royal Hungarian Landwehr (Honvéd)'' section, at www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk. Accessed on 18 Jul 2013〕〔Steed, Henry Wickham; Phillips, Walter Alison and Hannay, David (1914). ''A Short History of Austria-Hungary and Poland'', Encyclopaedia Britannica Company.〕〔Ortner, M. C. and Artlieb, Erich (2003). ''With Drawn Sword: Austro-Hungarian Edged Weapons from 1848 to 1918.'' Verlag Militaria.〕 commonly known as the Honvéd, was one of four armed forces of the armed forces (''Bewaffnete Macht'' or ''Wehrmacht'') of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. The others were its counterpart the Austrian Landwehr, the Common Army and the Imperial and Royal Navy.
== History ==
The word ''honvéd'' in Hungarian (sometimes "honved" in English sources〔Tucker, Spencer C. (2005). ''World War One, Volume 1'', p. 1053.〕〔League of Nations (1938). ''Armaments yearbook; general and statistical information'', League of Nations publications. p. 426.〕〔''JPRS Report: East Europe, Issues 23-31'', Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 1992, p. 18.〕) means "defender of the fatherland" and first appeared during the 1848 revolutions. At that time it was the name given to volunteers who were engaged for several weeks or ''a gyözelemig'' (i.e. "until victory") and sent to fight the Serbs and Croats. Subsequently, the bulk of the fighting was against the Empire of Austria, whereupon a number of regular imperial regiments went over to the Hungarian side. Some volunteers were attached to these existing regiments and some joined new regular regiments. Consequently, the term ''honvéd'' was used to refer to all members of the Hungarian land forces in 1848-49. The Honvéd was finally defeated by Austria with Russian assistance.
When the armed forces were re-established following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the ''Landwehr'' of the so-called Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, received the Hungarian name ''Honvédség'' (pronounced "hon-véd-shég", with the é as in French), literally "homeland defence" and, in practice, a territorial army.
On 21 May 1893 the Honvéd Memorial was unveiled in Budapest in commemoration of the deeds of the Hungarian national army during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-49. From 1919 to 1945, ''Honvéd'' was also a name given to the Royal Hungarian Army.
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